The Salem Witch Trials And Mccarthyism - 1353 Words

It’s always more than It Seems â€Å"Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.†-George Santayana. The Salem Witch Trials show a lot about how this world’s beliefs grew and developed in early America and Europe. Much of the prosecution of witches started because of the Roman Catholic Church; they created the belief of witches that led to the Salem Witch Trials. The Trials in Salem were a time when the people were scared of magic and what it could do, that led to the deaths of multiple people. The McCarthy Trials also show a resemblance to the witch trials in Salem as the idea of what happened was similar. All the ideas that were used then can be found in America through some way shape or form. That leads to the idea that people have always worried about the unknown, and people always want a scapegoat, that is evident from the medieval times to the Salem Witch Trials and even to the McCarthy witch-hunts. In Salem a young group of girls claimed to be possessed by the devil. However, unbeknownst to them, was most likely a toxin or â€Å"sickness that is found in rye and wheat that causes vomiting, muscle spasms, and delusion†(Salem Witch Trials). They blamed it on witchcraft and on the local women who allegedly practiced it. The girls blaming these women is what started the infamous Salem Witch Trials in the spring of 1692. Belief in witchcraft and the supernatural was widespread at the time and the harsher realities of Puritan life took its toll as well. There wereShow MoreRelatedThe Salem Witch Trials And Mccarthyism782 Words   |  4 Pagesoccurrence. We saw it during the Salem Witch Trials, the Red Scare and more recently, in the situation of the Guantanamo Bay prison. Although the Salem Witch Trials and McCarthyism are differed in the fact that one was based on religion and the other was politically based, both events had striking similarities. In both events, innocent people were accused and mass hysteria was generated through public trials. As I previously mentioned, the Salem Witch Trials and McCarthyism were quite similar. For oneRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials And Mccarthyism1275 Words   |  6 Pagesthat history no longer matters because it is in the past, the Salem Witch Trials and McCarthyism are prime examples of how history constantly repeats itself and influence how we live today for the reason that both historic eras consist of the following: they have similar histories, connect in significant ways, and include comparable situations and themes that are evident today affecting us on a daily basis whether or not we realize. Salem, Massachusetts was the home of a theocratic government systemRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials And Mccarthyism1327 Words   |  6 Pagesthat history no longer matters because it is in the past, the Salem Witch Trials and McCarthyism are prime examples of how history constantly repeats itself and influence how we live today for the reason that both historic eras consist of the following: they have similar history, connect in significant ways, and include comparable situations and themes that are evident today effecting us on a daily bases whether or not we realize. Salem, Massachusetts was the home of a theocracy government systemRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials and McCarthyism666 Words   |  3 Pagesthe Salem witch trials and red scare, are often overlooked. These events symbolize times of despair, weakness, and slander, to which the essence of the events is nearly identical. The Salem witch trials can be closely compared to McCarthyism and the red scare, based on the similarities of suspicion, accusation, and prosecution. Despite the difference of roughly two hundred and sixty years, the outcome of such uprisings has remained unchanged. The morals discovered during the Salem witch trials failedRead MoreMccarthyism And The Salem Witch Trials1360 Words   |  6 Pages2015 McCarthyism Our job as Americans and as Republicans is to dislodge the traitors from every place where they ve been sent to do their traitorous work.(McCarthy, Joseph R.) McCarthyism is when people make accusations of treason without evidence, and take advantage of some extreme fear in order to send people they don’t like to jail or to death. Though wrong, it was used many times throughout history. I intend to explain how McCarthyism is comparable to what happened in the Salem Witch TrialsRead MoreMccarthyism : Salem Witch Trials1246 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the Salem witch trials in Salem, Massachusetts and McCarthyism all across America many of the traits were historically similar and based on little or no evidence. When looking back on witchcraft in the 1600s and McCarthyism in the 1940s and 50s life at the time had many influences and many things parallel; both were caused by fear and paranoia and resulted in destruction. The witch trials in Salem and the hearings all across America about McCarthyism were influenced by daily activities andRead MoreMccarthyism And The Salem Witch Trials1195 Words   |  5 PagesMcCarthyism is the practice of making accusations of subversion or treason without proper regard for evidence (â€Å"McCarthyism†). The Salem Witch Trials was when more than 200 people were accused of practicing witchcraft and 20 were killed because of these accusations (Brooks). During the Red Scare like there are accusations of people committing treason during the Red Scare. In The Crucible people are accused of being witches during the Salem Witch trials. There are many similarities and differencesRead MoreSalem Witch Trials And Mccarthyism Are Similar Essay1230 Words   |  5 PagesOctober 18, 2016 How Salem Witch Trials and McCarthyism are Similar In this process essay the reader will learn how the Salem Witch Trials and McCarthyism are similar. Both situations ended up taking on a mob mentality. The Salem Witch Trials started in 1690s when the Trials began, and by the end, over 200 people were accused of witchcraft. The people had a strong belief of the devil and were very religious. The outside threats that were surrounding the people of Salem had created a fear andRead MoreMccarthyism And Salem Witch Trials Essay1127 Words   |  5 PagesMcCarthyism and The Salem Witch Trials In Arthur Miller’s â€Å"The Crucible† it tells the tale of the Salem Witch Trials. At the time of the play, the McCarthy trials, named after Sen. Joseph McCarthy, were underway. Though, instead of hunting for witches, they were hunting for communists. These two trials may have happened at different points in history, but were in many ways the same. Whether it was death to job loss a lot of lives were changed on account of these trials. â€Å"The Crucible† and the McCarthyRead MoreSalem Witch Trial vs Mccarthyism1208 Words   |  5 PagesA review of A Fever in Salem: A New Interpretation of the New England Witch Trials, by Laurie Winn Carlson, Ivan R. Dee, Chicago, 2000; 224 pp. $14.95 Paperback. ISBN: 1-566633095 A FEVER IN SALEM POSITS A biological cause for the early modem witchcraft epidemic, which resulted in the hanging of 19 people in Salem, MA, in 1692. Witchcraft persecution, Laurie Carlson writes, arose because of the strange behavior of the supposedly bewitched accusers. She concludes that the cause was a disease unrecognizable

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 921 Words

In chapter three of The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald relays the first encounter with the protagonist of the novel, and is also were his use of literary techniques emotionally involves the reader whilst effectively telling the story so brilliantly. Also his varied use of diverse methods of structure and form, than what has been previously seen in his commentaries, allows the readers to explore the events of the naive narrator, Nick, with other people other than the materialistic and drunk lifestyle that Gatsby and his so called ‘friends’ live. Furthermore, Fitzgerald emphasises towards the end of the chapter that this story is indeed about Nick’s life in America even though it consists majority of the time with the supposed ‘Great Gatsby’, and it becomes predominantly clear after Nick begins ‘Reading over what I have written so far..’, that he does have a life outside of Gatsby’s, even if it is consumed by ‘boring’ bonds. Towards the end of chapter 3, the reader is relatively used to Nick’s skilful use of the English language and literary styles, as Fitzgerald has programmed Nick, as the narrator, with the capability to tentatively and boldly write in a format that is phonetic, lyrical and vivid to the readers. Nick even informs us that he once was ‘rather literary in college’, which inadvertently influences the reader’s analysis of Nick as we accept this as fact because he is academically intellectual and therefore should be vigilant about the individuals and theirShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. Beneath the gilded faà §ade, however, was an author who struggled with domestic and physical difficulties that plagued his personal life and career throughout its shor t span. This author helped to launch the theme that is so prevalent in his work; the human instinct to yearn for more, into the forefront of American literature, where itRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1343 Words   |  6 PagesHonors English 10 Shugart 18 Decemeber 2014 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald s 1925 novel The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story, a mystery, and a social commentary on American life. The Great Gatsby is about the lives of four wealthy characters observed by the narrator, Nick Carroway. Throughout the novel a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby throws immaculate parties every Saturday night in hope to impress his lost lover, Daisy Buchanan. Gatsby lives in a mansion on West Egg across from DaisyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Jazz Age was an era where everything and anything seemed possible. It started with the beginning of a new age with America coming out of World War I as the most powerful nation in the world (Novel reflections on, 2007). As a result, the nation soon faced a culture-shock of material prosperity during the 1920’s. Also known as the â€Å"roaring twenties†, it was a time where life consisted of prodigality and extravagant parties. Writing based on his personal experiences, author F. ScottRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1166 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Haze F. Scott Fitzgerald lived in a time that was characterized by an unbelievable lack of substance. After the tragedy and horrors of WWI, people were focused on anything that they could that would distract from the emptiness that had swallowed them. Tangible greed tied with extreme materialism left many, by the end of this time period, disenchanted. The usage of the literary theories of both Biographical and Historical lenses provide a unique interpretation of the Great Gatsby centered aroundRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald845 Words   |  3 PagesIn F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, colors represent a variety of symbols that relate back to the American Dream. The dream of being pure, innocent and perfect is frequently associated with the reality of corruption, violence, and affairs. Gatsby’s desire for achieving the American Dream is sought for through corruption (Schneider). The American Dream in the 1920s was perceived as a desire of w ealth and social standings. Social class is represented through the East Egg, the WestRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesrespecting and valuing Fitzgerald work in the twenty-first century? Fitzgerald had a hard time to profiting from his writing, but he was not successful after his first novel. There are three major point of this essay are: the background history of Fitzgerald life, the comparisons between Fitzgerald and the Gatsby from his number one book in America The Great Gatsby, and the Fitzgerald got influences of behind the writing and being a writer. From childhood to adulthood, Fitzgerald faced many good andRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2099 Words   |  9 Pagesauthor to mirror his life in his book. In his previous novels F. Scott Fitzgerald drew from his life experiences. He said that his next novel, The Great Gatsby, would be different. He said, â€Å"In my new novel I’m thrown directly on purely creative work† (F. Scott Fitzgerald). He did not realize or did not want it to appear that he was taking his own story and intertwining it within his new novel. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, he imitates his lifestyle through the Buchanan family to demonstrateRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1607 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Gatsby is an American novel written in 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald. One of the themes of the book is the American Dream. The American Dream is an idea in which Americans believe through hard work they can achieve success and prosperity in the free world. In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream leads to popularity, extreme jealousy and false happiness. Jay Gatsby’s recent fortune and wealthiness helped him earn a high social position and become one of the mostRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1592 Words   |  7 PagesMcGowan English 11A, Period 4 9 January 2014 The Great Gatsby Individuals who approach life with an optimistic mindset generally have their goals established as their main priority. Driven by ambition, they are determined to fulfill their desires; without reluctance. These strong-minded individuals refuse to be influenced by negative reinforcements, and rely on hope in order to achieve their dreams. As a man of persistence, the wealthy Jay Gatsby continuously strives to reclaim the love of hisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s witnessed the death of the American Dream, a message immortalized in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Initially, the American Dream represented the outcome of American ideals, that everyone has the freedom and opportunity to achieve their dreams provided they perform honest hard work. During the 1920s, the United States experienced massive economic prosperity making the American Dream seem alive and strong. However, in Fitzgerald’s eyes, the new Am erican culture build around that

Human Rights and Children free essay sample

The UN Convention on the Rights of a Child 1989 – in 1989 the world leaders decided children needed a special convention just for them to give them special care and protection that adults do not need. All children up to the age of 18 have the rights in the convention. Some groups of children eg those living away from home or disabled children have additional rights to make sure they are treated fairly and their needs are met. Every child in the UK is entitled to 40 specific rights, included in these are: the right to life, survival and development; to have their views respected; to have a name and nationality; freedom of expression, to live in a family environment or alternative care and have contact with parents wherever possible; to have health care and social security; to have an education, be able to take part in leisure, culture and arts; Special protection for refugee children, children in the juvenile justice system, deprived children and children suffering sexual, economic or other forms of exploitation. These rights apply to all children with no exceptions. The Education Act 2002 – is an act to make provision about education, training and childcare. The act implements the legal requirements and commitments set out in the white paper Schools: Achieving success. It is intended to raise standards, promote innovation in schools and reform education law. It covers everything from schools being able to innovate and raise standards, schools joining together and forming companies, setting a flexible governance framework that allows greater discretion at local levels, allowing schools to be used as a resource within the community, separating out the budget making it clearer how funding is divided up and setting a minimum schools budget and also additional methods of funding available, providing frameworks for admission, exclusion and attendance, sets the school curriculum distinguishing between the key stages, enables schools to be more flexible with their staffing, develop partnerships with other agencies and give effective support within the classroom and it also sets out the statutory duty schools have with regards to the protection and involvement of children. Further measures are introduced to ensure weak and failing schools are turned around as quickly as possible. Children Act 2004 and 2006 – reforms the law relating to chi ldren making provisions about the services provided to and for children in need by local authorities and other persons providing a wider strategy for improving children’s lives, targeting those with additional needs. It makes provision about advisory and support services relating to family proceedings, to make provision about fostering, child minding and day care, adoption review panels, the defence of reasonable punishment, the making of grants as respects children and families, child safety orders, the publication of material relating to children involved in certain legal proceedings and disclosure of information relating to children. The Freedom of Information Act 2000 – if the establishment you work in is part of the public sector, the Freedom of Information Act means you must produce a publication scheme outlining the information that is routinely made available to the public eg minutes of meetings, annual reports or financial information. It also means official information must be disclosed when people ask for it (unless there is a good legal reason not to). Schools must produce a school profile and school prospectus containing the latest Ofsted report and current performance levels. The Human Rights Act 1998 – its aim is to give further effect in the UK to the rights contained in the European Convention of Human Rights. The act applies to all public bodies within the UK, including the central government, local authorities and bodies exercising public functions. The act provides that it is unlawful for a public authority to act in a way that contravenes the Convention Rights. The Human Rights Act affects all other laws – it says that every UK law must respect your convention Rights, public authorities cannot ignore your rights and that they can be taken to a UK court or tribunal if they do. All UK courts and tribunals must take convention rights into account in all their rulings and not just in cases brought under the Human Rights Act. Special Educational Needs, codes of practise (SEN) 2001- it includes the rights and duties introduced by the SEN and Disability Act 2001. Local Education Authorities, schools, early education settings, health and social services must all have regard to the Code of Practice. It sets out a model of intervention, early education settings action and early years action plus and in school settings a school action and school action plus. The code puts emphasis on working with parents, pupil participation and working in partnerships with other agencies. It includes a stronger right for children with Special Education Needs to be educated in a mainstream school, a requirement that Local Educational Authorities provide services offering advice and information and means of resolving disputes, a new duty on schools and relevant Early Years providers to keep parents informed when they are making special educational provisions for their child, and the right for schools and relevant educational providers to request a statutory assessment of a child. The Disability Discrimination Act 1995/2005 – under the act it is unlawful for a school or other education provider to treat a disabled pupil unfavourably. They should not either directly or indirectly discriminate against the child arising from a disability. For example a pupil cannot be refused admission simply because they are disabled, a pupil can’t not be stopped from doing something because it takes them to long to do it. Pupils should not be harassed because of their disability, a teacher cannot shout a disabled pupil if the disability means they are unable to concentrate. The school must provide reasonable adjustments to ensure the pupil is not discriminated against. Data Protection Act 1998 protects personal data in the UK. It gives people the fundamental rights and freedoms to their right to privacy with respect to the processing of personal data. Personal data must be obtained fairly and lawfully, data should only be used for the specific purpose it was collected. The data subject should be informed of the who the data controller (institution), the purpose for which the data is intended. The data must be kept accurate and up to date and shall not be kept for longer then necessary. Schools must keep formal pupil records that are updated once a year, under the data protection act all pupils are entitled to have their educational records disclosed to them. There is certain information that is exempt from disclosure, information that could cause serious harm to the pupil or someone else or that would put them at risk, but this information may be passed to another educational establishment. Disclosure is permissible if the record does not allow identification of the third party. Every Child Matters Agenda 2004 its main aims are for every child, whatever their background or circumstances, to have the support they need to be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, make a positive contribution and achieve an economic well-being. It requires multi-agency partnerships working together to achieve to be aware of the contribution by each others’ service and to deliver their work with children accordingly. In my role I support the child to help them achieve to the best of their ability. I have to respect the rights of every child with whom I work and not discriminate against any child because of their nationality, disability etc. I must ensure they are as inclusive as possible and respect their privacy, but also work closely with teachers, support staff within the school and sometimes if required any outside agencies involved to ensure the child has as much support as possible where needed. 4. 3 (a) (b) Explain the roles of regulatory bodies relevant to the education sector including general bodies and school specific regulatory bodies. The regulatory bodies relevant to the education sector are there to monitor and enforce legislative framework, they include: Criminal Records Bureau – provides access to check the criminal records of all staff and volunteers working within organisations in the public, private and voluntary sectors, making it easier to identify people who may be unsuitable for work involving children or vulnerable adults. Health and Safety Executive (HSE) – continually work with other government departments and agencies to ensure that pupil safety and employee safety are properly considered and duly protected. They ensure that education duty holders manage any significant risks within school premises eg requirements are met for managing asbestos; slips and trips. It also encourages a common sense approach to risk management; all risks should be managed responsibly and sensibly whilst still providing children with a range of valuable learning experiences. Any major accidents or injuries must be notified to the HSE. Ofsted is the Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills. They regulate and inspect to ensure children’s services in local areas are achieving excellence in the care of children and young people including services for looked after children, safeguarding and child protection. They are independent from the government ministers and report directly to Parliament so they can give impartial information. They carry out large numbers of inspections and regulatory visits in England seeking to promote areas of improvement and encourage services to provide value for money. All their findings are published on their website. Local Education Authority (LEA) – have the responsibility for education and children’s services. For state schools in their area they organise funding, allocate the number of places available at each school and employ all teachers (except voluntary aided and foundation schools).

Wuthering Heights Salvation Essay Example

Wuthering Heights: Salvation Essay How to Attain Salvation: According to Wuthering Heigths Imagine, if you will, that the world was to meet its demise tomorrow, and life would once and for all cease to exist. In the midst of complete chaos and destruction, one thing is sure to be running through the minds of all of humanity: personal salvation. In the event that tomorrow would mark everyones death, Christians, Jews, Atheists, and Muslims alike would want to know, if salvation exists, did they manage to attain it? In Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights, the world is not coming to an end, however, death is in the air and romantic, religious, and self-created salvation is evident everywhere. This tale of vengeance, jealousy, obsession, hate, and love details many kinds of salvation and how they are attained. As humanity awaits its eternal rest, they may find it ironic to discover that in every case, true salvation was never acquired without some sort of suffering. As defined by the dictionary, salvation is the state of being saved or protected from harm or risk. The stories of Hareton, Joseph, Nelly Dean, and Heathcliff and their salvation are no exception. We will write a custom essay sample on Wuthering Heights: Salvation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Wuthering Heights: Salvation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Wuthering Heights: Salvation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer All four of these characters endure emotionally harmful experiences before finally finding their peace, whatever that peace might be. While each case is very different in what they suffer through and how they overcome it, the path to salvation is made very clear: suffer through something great and get rewarded in the end. Perhaps the simplest, truest act of redemption can be seen in the progression of Hareton’s story. Hareton’s upbringing is unstable right from the start when his mother dies giving birth to him and his father collapses into alcoholism. As if that wouldn’t be enough to scar a child for life, Hareton’s father dies and leaves him to become the target of Heathcliff’s revenge. Hareton from then on leads a life as an undeserving servant at the mercy of the relentless Heathcliff. â€Å"But poor Hareton, the most wronged, was the only one who truly suffered,† (page 315) said Nelly Dean in response to Heathcliff’s death showing that Hareton respectfully endured his adversity and even managed to show compassion for Heathcliff when he died. It is not until the very end of the story that Hareton finally gets the reward he rightfully deserves. Heathcliff’s death marks Hareton’s freedom and he is finally allowed to pursue his love for young Cathy. Catherine and Hareton seem to be the only characters more or less unaffected by greed, selfishness, pride, and vengeance. Their marriage becomes Wuthering Heights only â€Å"happily ever after† and Hareton prevails with true romantic salvation. Not only is Hareton’s salvation the purest and most innocent, but it is also symbolic for what could have been between Catherine and Heathcliff. As the story goes, Catherine was too good for Heathcliff in the social rankings, which is why she felt she had to marry Edgar. A similar situation repeats when Heathcliff somehow convinces young Cathy that she is too good for Hareton and should therefor marry Linton. Heathcliff admits â€Å"Hareton’s aspect was the ghost of my immortal love, of my wild endeavors to hold my right, my degradation, my pride, my happiness, and my anguish,† proving that he knew full well that Hareton didn’t deserve his punishment but that degrading Hareton was equivalent to is own childhood degradation and if he was not allowed to find true love and happiness, neither could Hareton. Had Catherine’s plan actually succeeded, she would have offered Heathcliff salvation by marrying him just as young Cathy did to Hareton. Joseph and Nelly Dean represent the religious forms of salvation and follow all the Bible’s guidelines in order to obtain it. In this case, Joseph and Nelly Dean’s pain and suffering are derived from sin and the cost of their sin. God says that salvation is achieved through accepting Jesus as our savior and living our lives in honor of him. Joseph repeatedly comments on the devil, heaven, Scripture, the Lord, and the Bible, proving his firm beliefs in the Christian faith. While almost every time he speaks Joseph manages to reference christianity, Nelly Dean is fairly more subtle in introducing her religious views. Upon responding to Heathcliff’s irrational fasting and happiness, Nelly Dean admonishes â€Å"you have lived a selfish and unchristian life; and probably hardly had a bible in your hands during that period† (page 313). She then goes on to say that Heathcliff is unfit for heaven and he should not be so happy and ready for death because in no way has he managed to earn salvation. This shows that Nelly Dean believes that God’s way to salvation is the only way and that is the path she has chosen to follow. Since Joseph and Nelly Dean would have to die in order for us to see their salvation, it cannot be declared whether or not they obtained it. It can, however, be said that in order to achieve salvation in heaven, both Joseph and Nelly Dean must first bear through the sinful and unrighteous life on earth. Certainly the most interesting form of salvation depicted in Wuthering Heights is that of Heathcliff. Heathcliff’s story initiates through heartbreak and pride, is carried out by revenge, and ceases with self-instilled power. It is because of his suffering that Heathcliff fabricates his own form of salvation. A salvation in which he makes the rules; a salvation in which heaven and hell don’t matter or even exist; and a salvation in which he can spend the rest of eternity with Catherine. When Nelly Dean tells Heathcliff that he is not fit for heaven, he has already come to that realization. Heathcliff knew that being damned to hell meant and afterlife without Catherine. Even if he did make it into heaven, Edgar, and Hindly and everything that prevented him from having Catherine in the first place would still be there and that wasn’t good enough for him. â€Å"I have nearly attained my heaven; and that of others is altogether unvalued and uncoveted by me! † (page 313) he exclaimed to Nelly saying that taking his revenge on those who wronged him has finally satisfied him, but his ultimate salvation will come from dying and being buried next to Catherine where he rightfully belongs and will stay forever. Wuthering Heights Salvation Essay Example Wuthering Heights: Salvation Essay How to Attain Salvation: According to Wuthering Heigths Imagine, if you will, that the world was to meet its demise tomorrow, and life would once and for all cease to exist. In the midst of complete chaos and destruction, one thing is sure to be running through the minds of all of humanity: personal salvation. In the event that tomorrow would mark everyones death, Christians, Jews, Atheists, and Muslims alike would want to know, if salvation exists, did they manage to attain it? In Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights, the world is not coming to an end, however, death is in the air and romantic, religious, and self-created salvation is evident everywhere. This tale of vengeance, jealousy, obsession, hate, and love details many kinds of salvation and how they are attained. As humanity awaits its eternal rest, they may find it ironic to discover that in every case, true salvation was never acquired without some sort of suffering. As defined by the dictionary, salvation is the state of being saved or protected from harm or risk. The stories of Hareton, Joseph, Nelly Dean, and Heathcliff and their salvation are no exception. We will write a custom essay sample on Wuthering Heights: Salvation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Wuthering Heights: Salvation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Wuthering Heights: Salvation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer All four of these characters endure emotionally harmful experiences before finally finding their peace, whatever that peace might be. While each case is very different in what they suffer through and how they overcome it, the path to salvation is made very clear: suffer through something great and get rewarded in the end. Perhaps the simplest, truest act of redemption can be seen in the progression of Hareton’s story. Hareton’s upbringing is unstable right from the start when his mother dies giving birth to him and his father collapses into alcoholism. As if that wouldn’t be enough to scar a child for life, Hareton’s father dies and leaves him to become the target of Heathcliff’s revenge. Hareton from then on leads a life as an undeserving servant at the mercy of the relentless Heathcliff. â€Å"But poor Hareton, the most wronged, was the only one who truly suffered,† (page 315) said Nelly Dean in response to Heathcliff’s death showing that Hareton respectfully endured his adversity and even managed to show compassion for Heathcliff when he died. It is not until the very end of the story that Hareton finally gets the reward he rightfully deserves. Heathcliff’s death marks Hareton’s freedom and he is finally allowed to pursue his love for young Cathy. Catherine and Hareton seem to be the only characters more or less unaffected by greed, selfishness, pride, and vengeance. Their marriage becomes Wuthering Heights only â€Å"happily ever after† and Hareton prevails with true romantic salvation. Not only is Hareton’s salvation the purest and most innocent, but it is also symbolic for what could have been between Catherine and Heathcliff. As the story goes, Catherine was too good for Heathcliff in the social rankings, which is why she felt she had to marry Edgar. A similar situation repeats when Heathcliff somehow convinces young Cathy that she is too good for Hareton and should therefor marry Linton. Heathcliff admits â€Å"Hareton’s aspect was the ghost of my immortal love, of my wild endeavors to hold my right, my degradation, my pride, my happiness, and my anguish,† proving that he knew full well that Hareton didn’t deserve his punishment but that degrading Hareton was equivalent to is own childhood degradation and if he was not allowed to find true love and happiness, neither could Hareton. Had Catherine’s plan actually succeeded, she would have offered Heathcliff salvation by marrying him just as young Cathy did to Hareton. Joseph and Nelly Dean represent the religious forms of salvation and follow all the Bible’s guidelines in order to obtain it. In this case, Joseph and Nelly Dean’s pain and suffering are derived from sin and the cost of their sin. God says that salvation is achieved through accepting Jesus as our savior and living our lives in honor of him. Joseph repeatedly comments on the devil, heaven, Scripture, the Lord, and the Bible, proving his firm beliefs in the Christian faith. While almost every time he speaks Joseph manages to reference christianity, Nelly Dean is fairly more subtle in introducing her religious views. Upon responding to Heathcliff’s irrational fasting and happiness, Nelly Dean admonishes â€Å"you have lived a selfish and unchristian life; and probably hardly had a bible in your hands during that period† (page 313). She then goes on to say that Heathcliff is unfit for heaven and he should not be so happy and ready for death because in no way has he managed to earn salvation. This shows that Nelly Dean believes that God’s way to salvation is the only way and that is the path she has chosen to follow. Since Joseph and Nelly Dean would have to die in order for us to see their salvation, it cannot be declared whether or not they obtained it. It can, however, be said that in order to achieve salvation in heaven, both Joseph and Nelly Dean must first bear through the sinful and unrighteous life on earth. Certainly the most interesting form of salvation depicted in Wuthering Heights is that of Heathcliff. Heathcliff’s story initiates through heartbreak and pride, is carried out by revenge, and ceases with self-instilled power. It is because of his suffering that Heathcliff fabricates his own form of salvation. A salvation in which he makes the rules; a salvation in which heaven and hell don’t matter or even exist; and a salvation in which he can spend the rest of eternity with Catherine. When Nelly Dean tells Heathcliff that he is not fit for heaven, he has already come to that realization. Heathcliff knew that being damned to hell meant and afterlife without Catherine. Even if he did make it into heaven, Edgar, and Hindly and everything that prevented him from having Catherine in the first place would still be there and that wasn’t good enough for him. â€Å"I have nearly attained my heaven; and that of others is altogether unvalued and uncoveted by me! † (page 313) he exclaimed to Nelly saying that taking his revenge on those who wronged him has finally satisfied him, but his ultimate salvation will come from dying and being buried next to Catherine where he rightfully belongs and will stay forever.

Danial Dennets Intentional Systems essays

Danial Dennet's Intentional Systems essays Daniel Dennetts Intentional Systems Before I begin summarizing the paper, I would like to, at least for myself, get my personal feelings toward the paper itself and to clear up what I think is meant by Daniel Dennetts term intentional. In my opinion, Dennett does a poor job of explaining the term, unless the entire paper is intended to be a definition, in which case it may be satisfactory; however in that event I will divulge that Dennetts style of writing is like that of some other authors that we have read: I can understand every single word in the paper, however the method used by these authors to string together words is unlike mine, and I find it difficult to fully comprehend the ideas he lays before me, not because I cannot grasp them, but because somewhere in between his thought process itself and me hearing his explanation of his thought process there is a loss of connection. Some authors we have read have not had this style; I found Tom Nagle to make perfect sense and I read the paper rather quickly and absorbed it all. I feel he writes in a manner similar to the scientific authors that I like to read in my free time. Most dictionaries I looked in for a definition of intentional did not give one that prompted me to think of it in any other way. They all said something along the lines of having the mind bent on an idea, thing, or person. None of the ones I had looked in made me think of intentional in any new way. However, Websters 1828 Dictionary did. It defines intentional as adj. Intended; designed; done with design or purpose. This definition finally achieved the click I had been looking for. There are many ways which people use to explain the world around them. Some use philosophy. Some use science (I know I fall into this category). Some use religion. Some use habit. Some use substances. Some people use art, and try to achieve beauty in all aspec ...

To B or Not to B

To B or Not to B To B or Not to B To B or Not to B By Maeve Maddox English words ending in the spelling -mb occasionally give English learners difficulty. The error arises in trying to pronounce the final b. Some of these words derive from originals that included the b sound and spelling. Some, however, had the unnecessary, (sometimes called the parasitic), -b added after the words were in common use. Here are some -mb words that come from roots that included the b as part of the spelling. bomb [bÃ… m]- noun meaning an explosive device. From Italian bomba, possibly from Latin bombus, a buzzing or booming sound and Greek bombos deep and hollow sound. climb [klÄ «m] verb meaning to ascend. He climbed the stairs. He climbed the cliff face. As a noun it means an ascent. It was an arduous climb. Climb is from the Old English verb climban. comb [kÃ… m] noun (OE camb) meaning a toothed implement. As a verb it means to perform the act of running a comb through hair. It is also used figuratively to mean examine with care. She combed (or combed through) the files, looking for evidence. dumb [dÃ… ­m] (OE thumb; ON dumbr) meaning mute. The modern sense of stupid was influenced by German dumm, stupid. jamb [jÄÆ'm] (Old French jambe, side post of a door) Ultimately from words meaning leg, a jamb is an upright piece of wood or other material that forms the side of a door, window, or other opening. lamb [lÄÆ'm] This word for a baby sheep retains its OE spelling. plumb [(plÃ… ­m)] The noun refers to a heavy object (usually a lead weight) tied to a string, used by builders to establish a vertical line. Plumb comes into English by way of Old French from the Latin word for lead [lÄ•d]:plumbum. (In case you ever wondered about the abbreviation for lead on the Periodic Table, now you know.) As a verb plumb can mean to make a wall straight, or determine the depth of something. It is used figuratively in the sense of examining something closely. Ex. He plumbed the depths of his soul. tomb [tÃ… «m or toom] a noun meaning a place of burial. The verb is to entomb. It came into English from French. At first the b was pronounced, but fell silent at some time in the 14th century. womb [wÃ… «m or woom] the uterus. From OE wamb or womb meaning belly or uterus. The following words had the -b added to them after they had been in use without it. crumb [krÃ… ­m] a small piece of something; from OE cruma. The verb crumble derives from OE gecrymman to break into crumbs. The -b may have got into the act by analogy with the French word humble. limb [lÄ ­m] OE lim could mean the branch of a tree or a body member. The final -b began to appear on the word in the late 1500s. numb [nÃ… ­m] The adjective numb, meaning devoid of feeling, comes from the OE verb niman, to take. In 1440 the word existed as nome, taken, seized. A person who had been taken with shock or cold couldnt feel normally. The unnecessary -b attached itself to the word during the 17th century, giving us numb. thumb [thÃ… ­m] This word for the short fat digit that enables us to pick up things comes from OE thuma. The -b got attached to the word about 1290. morewords.com/ends-with/mb/ Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:45 Synonyms for â€Å"Food†A While vs Awhile20 Slang Terms for Law Enforcement Personnel

Promoting Appropriate Behavior and Respect for Others within the Essay

Promoting Appropriate Behavior and Respect for Others within the Classroom - Essay Example It is clear from the discussion that classrooms are becoming exceedingly diverse these days mainly because of the influx of immigrants and also because of transiency. Under such circumstances creating a classroom, the community is one of the earliest responsibilities of a teacher. However, to create respect for diversities and build positive identities, the teacher should set some ground rules from the very first day such as treating classmates with respect, respecting their personal belongings, listening to the views of others and responding after sentence(s) are finished.   This paper illustrates that the teacher can follow the positive reinforcement outlined by Skinner’s Behaviorist Theory. According to Skinner â€Å"behavior is a function of its consequences and the learner will repeat the desired behavior if a positive reinforcement (a pleasant consequence) follows the behavior†. Behavior which is reinforced is strengthened; keeping this in mind the teacher can i ntroduce a behavior chart in which the student who behaves the best and is most polite and helpful will get a â€Å"shining star† or a â€Å"smiley face† against his/her name. The students should also be warned of dire consequences if they exhibit inappropriate behavior towards their classmates or bully them. Similarly, the teacher must herself use positive phrases when giving feedback and during error correcting. In order to instill respect for others, the teacher must ask the students to provide feedback for the others without mocking, ridiculing or passing personal remarks. The teacher must ensure that her students understand why it is important to respect each other.  

Performance Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Performance Management - Essay Example The employees who are in lower levels than the management are disregarded. The management failed to comply with giving proper employee compensation and proper performance evaluation systems. The effort of achieving low operating expenses is often found the main reason why management is giving low compensation rate. The management's pay rate is set based on two other law firms: Melbourne-based and Sydney-based law firms. This type of political system is not good since it tries to limit the pay rate at some level, which in our study is of equal rate. This type of management is biased since it eliminates the employees' right in situations where pay rate is inversely proportional with its job functions. On the management's part it will only sound effective if the agreements between firms are followed. But the case was not, the management failed to climb up to the rate level imposed by the other two firms which led them behind in the competing market. The power to dictate market activitie s is unethical in nature. The fact that these market levels are set by business owners giving less consideration to the employees' part showed management's overuse of authority. 2-Within the case study organization, how should performance management be integrated with other management activities One of the main issues confronting management is employee management. Employees are often disregarded by some organization despite the fact that they are playing a very crucial role in the organization in achieving its goals. Employees are considered as one of the primary resources of any organization. Successful Human Resource Management is giving value to developing and motivating employees to cooperate towards achieving productive outputs. To motivate employees is to give them due respect, give them proper compensation, and maintain employment equality by avoiding discrimination in terms of rank and gender. In our case study, there are problems that the management needs to address: Equal employment opportunity, compensation, recruitment and retention. All of these are the main functions of HR department, and are all affected by systems of performance management. Performance management should be integrated with other management activities since though these activities differ from e ach other in lots of ways, but the bottom line is still the same. These are all directed towards high productivity rate, cutting down operational expenses, and maintaining competitive advantage. As stated, the firm is dominated mostly by males. In the issue of equal employment opportunity, it is biased to give female employees lowly levels in the organization. In the issue of recruitment, selection, and retention of employees, the management should consider the value of hiring employees that fits the qualifications needed for any vacant positions. The picture of a male dominated organization should be wiped out. Every individual should be given equal employment opportunity regardless of gender, age or disabilities as long as he/she is found effective and qualified for any position being applied. Employee selection system should be clear on the viewpoint of any organization to encourage new applicants, and existing employees could clearly see that the organization treats all employee s equally and considers them valuable. The compensation system of the firm is not effective. The procedure of how the compensation system work should be clear at the viewpoint of the employees. Performance appraisal is playing a very important role in determining the proper compensatio

Understand Group Dynamics Essay Example for Free

Understand Group Dynamics Essay I.Introduction To understand Organizational Behavior and Management, we must study three different levels. The first is the individual level, because every individual has its own unique perception of the world and what surrounds him. Individuals behave following how they interpret this and their environment. Each individual is different from the next one, because of its personality and characteristics. However, it’s possible to organize them by categorizing their perceptions. Categories such as Appearance, Social behavior and Status are often considered. Individual’s motivations must be analyzed to understand the next level : the Group. A Group is composed by 2 or more individuals, who come together to accomplish a particular task or goal, which is why their behavior is very important and has to be studied first. A manager leading a group will have to take into account each of the individual characteristics in order for it to work. As individuals join and create a group, shall it be a formal or informal one, we slowly change focus. The individual needs, perceptions and motivations get absorbed and the Group creates its own norms of acceptable behavior for all the individuals to follow for as long as they are part of the Group. They don’t, however, chance the individual itself when he is by himself. As Groups develop its own norms and statuses, its behavior evolves. The third level, is Organizations. That level is different from the Group one because it involves systematic efforts and organizations are engaged in the production of goods and services. It’s also different from the sum of the individuals perceptions because it can impact how individuals behave with each other, thus influencing their perception. An organization though, is comparable to an individual because each is unique and has its own culture. Moreover, if the values of the organization match the values of the individuals, they will enjoy being part of it more than if it’s not the case. The second level, Group Dynamics, is the one that will be focused on in this report. II.Group Characteristics. a)Formal and informal groups. There are different kind of groups, but they can mostly be split into two categories : Formal and Informal. Formal groups are groups officially planned and created by the organization to do a specific task. At ESSEC, we could compare them to the individuals who, in groups, did the OB presentations. They were officially planned in the course to do a presentation. In an organization, a formal group could be the Marketing (or any other) Department. In a formal group, there is a structure. Often, individuals are given specific tasks to complete within the main final task. Sometimes, there is a hierarchy and written rules. Informal groups are not official per say. They are natural social formations established by individuals rather than organizations, and unplanned. In a workplace, it could be a group of employees meeting once a month for dinner to discuss their Fishing hobby. At ESSEC, it could be an unofficial football team made especially for a tournament within the school. The purpose of an informal group can be pursuing a special interest, be social, or even just have fun. b)Group effectiveness Group dynamics concern how groups form, their structure and process, and how they function. Some groups are more successful than others. Why ? A common mistake would be to say that if your group members or employees are hard working, happy, competitive or smart, the group only can function well. But as a matter of fact, that doesn’t mean they are honest, productive, loyal or creative. However, teamwork and communication between members is capital. Managers can help increasing a work group’s performance when they create it by taking into consideration the characteristics of members they assign to particular groups. The members should have tasks assigned to them according to their domain of expertise and appropriate interpersonal skills to facilitate interaction and communication with others. Moreover, a degree of diversity among group members has shown to usually add to performance. If members are attracted to the group because they like members of the group, or the group activities/goals or just because it fills a need for affiliation, they are more likely to be productive. The size of the group also has an influence on the group’s performance. According to recent research, medium sized groups of 5 to 7 people seem to have the higher performance in organizations. If the group is smaller, there’s a chance it can highlight the individual differences and harm the group cohesiveness. If group are too large, people tend to work more by themselves (â€Å"Free riding†) rather than with the whole group, or create smaller teams within the group. c)Group norms. Norms are acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are shared by the members of the group. Norms define the limits of what is acceptable and what is not in terms of behavior. They are typically imagined in order to facilitate group survival, make behavior more predictable, avoid embarrassing situations, and express the values of the group. Each group will establish its own set of norms that may determine anything from the appropriate clothes to wear at a dinner to how many comments to make in a meeting. Groups pressure members to force them to conform to the groups standards. The norms often reflect the level of commitment, motivation, and performance of the group. The majority of the members of the group must agree that the norms are appropriate in order for the behavior to be accepted. There must also be a shared understanding that the group supports the norms. However it may happen that the norms are broken from time to time by some members. If the majority of members do not adhere to the norms anymore, then there is a chance they will eventually change and will no longer serve as a standard to study the group’s behavior. From there, group members who do not conform to the norms risk being excluded, ignored, or asked to leave the group. d)Group Roles Having a diversity of skills and ideas within a group often enriches the group process and can improve the final product. It can, however, also be seen as a challenge to work with people different from ourselves and avoid exacerbating individual characteristics. One way to structure group functioning and benefit from each other’s expertise is to assign roles to each member of the group based on individual’s strengths. It can also be a good idea to switch roles between members periodically so every member understands why those roles are important. I have found that four roles that have the potential to maximize group performance and help understanding group’s dynamics and behavior in the workplace. A group should not be composed of just those 4 people, but the others would only have tasks assigned to them. They are as follow : The first is the Leader, also called Facilitator. He’s the one who clarifies the aims of the group and helps the members set smaller tasks for themselves to work on. Leaders also make sure that all group members understand the concepts of the project and that the group’s conclusions make sense. If the group has meetings, he is the one who introduces the agenda of tasks to complete until the next meeting, mind oriented towards the final goals. Then, the Monitor, also called Arbitrator. Its key role would be to monitor carefully if the group is functioning well. Regularly, he will initiate discussions on group climate and process, especially if he senses tension or sees there could be a conflict between two or more members. During disagreements or conflicts, he will explain each sides arguments and suggests solutions to resolve the conflict. He makes sure that all group members have a chance to participate and learn from the process. There’s also the Note/Time Keeper. Note and Time Keeping are two different things, but the role could be taken by just one person. He keeps a record of what has been decided, shall it be tasks that are assigned to who or other any other information by taking notes when the group meets or when talking to group members. He makes a summary of previous discussions/decisions and makes it available for all the members to see. He also presents the group progress to the supervisor regularly to make sure the group is headed in the right direction. The Time Keeper keeps track of time during meetings to avoid spending excessive time on one topic. This is best handled by deciding how much time will be allocated to each issue in the agenda, and letting everyone know when this time is up. It is also useful to point out when time is almost up so that issues can be wrapped up appropriately. Finally, there’s the Devil’s Advocate. It’s someone who takes a position he does not necessarily agree with, for the sake of argument. In taking such position, the individual taking on the devils advocate role seeks to engage others in an argumentative discussion process. The purpose of such process is typically to test the quality of the original argument and identify weaknesses in its structure, and to use such information to either improve or abandon the original, opposing position. He must keep his or her mind open to problems, possibilities, and opposing ideas at all times. e)Group or Team ? We could say a group is just a collection of people whereas a team is that same collection of people who are working together on a common goal. Example: A group of people get in an elevator. They all have different goals and agendas for being on the elevator, they don’t even know each other, or maybe they do, it’s irrelevant. The group becomes a team when the elevator breaks down. Now they all have the same goal : figure out how to get out of the elevator. The difference between Group work and Team work can be resumed as follow. A group will focus on individual goals. Each member will produce individual work products. Individual tasks, roles and responsibilities will be assigned. Also, in a group, the manager is the one who sets up the purpose, goals, approach to work. A team is slightly different. The focus is on team goals. It also defines roles, responsibilities, and tasks but will often share and rotate them to help team do its work. The goals and approach to work w ill be shaped by the team members together.

Essay --

The International Workers of the World, or the IWW is a leftist federation of unions which made major contributions to the American labor movement in the early twentieth century after its June 1905 founding form the amalgamation of several smaller unions. It has been the subject of historical, inquiries, discussions, and debates; but despite considerable attention, the historical understanding of the unique and radical brand of politics exercised by IWW members, or ‘Wobblies’, remains fluid. Controversies persist from the earliest attempts by scholars to define and understand the IWW agenda and the place it had in the progress of the labor movement. Current historical inquiry fails to examine the early ideological formation of Wobbly thought and how these underpinning influences affected the growth and activities of the union. Modern scholarship relating to the IWW relies overwhelmingly on the aspects of the union as an institution, despite the decentralised nature of th e Wobblies and American labor as a whole, and this stems from the work of earlier historians. While looking more deeply into the aspects of the organisation and what they accomplished, the focus remains upon the institution. The individual members and their sociocultural experiences have been lost and repeatedly overlooked by the emphasis on the structure and effects of the IWW. Scholarship which attempts to analyze and understand the formative days of the IWW and their radical ideology has been largely stymied due to the lack of primary sources available from the Union at its height in the 1917, and before. This dearth of firsthand material was left by the widespread governmental crackdown on ‘subversive’ organisations that came with America's entry into the First... ...hers’ at the beginning of the twentieth century through immigration restrictions the deportation of radicals. Most interestingly, it is argued the government crushed the IWW because of public demand, â€Å"to calm [the public] by fighting crime in whatever form they might imagine it† (192-193.) Similarly, Paul Murphy’s 1979, World War I and the Origin of Civil Liberties in the United States, examined the repression of free speech and assembly during the war as birthing the judicial enforcement of these rights by their decisions. For example the dissenting opinion of Justice Brandeis in Gilbert v Minnesota over the similarly anti world war Non Partisan Leagues actions had become the majority opinion by Gitlow v New York after repeated abuses, particularly aimed at labor and the IWW convinced the Federal Courts that it was their obligation to protect minority groups. (268.)

Gross Domestic Product GDP

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country is commonly defined as the total market value of all final goods and services produced in a country in a given year. The fact that it is measured regularly and quite consistently in practically all countries of the world allows a direct comparison of the standard of living in individual countries. The frequent measuring also makes it possible to quickly recognize changing trends. For example, it is used to determine whether an economy is growing faster or slower than in the previously measured period and to compare it with other economies in the world. When GDP is calculated in relation to the population of a country, one speaks of the average GDP per capita. This is often used as an indicator of a country’s standard of living. However, as a measure of the standard of living in a country, GDP has its limitations and shortcomings. ? It does not differentiate between economic output that actually benefits the population and economic bads in a country, such as, for example, expenses for warfare, pollution-producing industries, etc. It does not include unreported activities such as illegal trading or black-market labour. ? It does not reflect non-market activities such as unpaid housework, childcare, and care for the elderly at home, community services or similar activities. The distribution of wealth within a country can be very uneven. When there is a high concentration of enormous wealth in a very small group, and the vast majority of a population is very poor, the average income may be relatively high, although the standard of living of the majority population is low. GDP can only measure the material standard of living, without taking into account the quality of life as perceived by each individual, which cannot be standardized across a population or countries. ? Economic output can increase due to technological advances requiring less employment, thereby decreasing the employment ratio. ? The age distribution within a country may be such that a relatively small group of working-age people have to support a large group of old people, resulting in a lower employment rate and consequently a lower standard of living.

Letter of proposal

EXAMPLE OF A LETTER OF PROPOSALThis illustration is fictional and is for illustration intents merely.LetterheadDear Mr. Hanson: Recently I noticed a missive in the editorial subdivision of the Argus Leader in which the author expressed concern over the present status and jobs associating to Newton Hills State Park, near Canton. A hebdomad subsequently I read your answer to that missive, and I was really pleased to happen that programs were being developed to better park conditions. Having visited the park many times myself, I have become cognizant of the many design jobs the park now holds. Engagement in out-of-door diversion and related activities is turning enormously across the state. Park directors and supervisors are happening their Parkss unable to stand the greatly increased usage. Roads developed for a few Sunday visitants are about wholly unequal for the multitudes of people who converge on Parkss on warm, cheery weekends and hills erode after big Numberss of people trample the flora. Furthermore, recent events such as the old-timer auto show and the one-year common people festival brought even more people into your park, seting an extra strain on the park ‘s resources. However, these jobs can be solved and more like them can be prevented.ProposalI propose that Sara Jen Forest Services, Inc. survey and look into the jobs associating to the physical functionalism of Newton Hills State Park. Upon finishing the probe, we shall subject a study to you that will incorporate the proposed recommendations and modified park program. This study and its attender prog ram will rectify the park of its traffic flow jobs.BackgroundPark design has become a really complicated discovery difficu1t procedure. Along with the job of aesthetics and traveling people around inside the park, societal map has become a job of paramount importance. In other words, a park must offer the proper physical scene, every bit good as the proper societal ambiance for people to bask their recreational experience. Peoples come to parks for different grounds. Therefore, single demands have to be considered. At the same clip, the park interior decorator has to see the whole population ‘s demands. Satisfying all these demands involves utilizing every possible country in the park, without making a struggle in involvements.ProcedureThe basic process for explicating our recommendations involves four stairss and will take about 10 hebdomads to finish.Measure one:I will analyse the park itself. Carefully analyzing the park, watching the users, and speaking to visitants are parts of this measure.Measure two:After happening and specifying the particular job countries, I will make intensive research. I will look into books, booklets, and legion other written resources for appropriate solutions that have been attempted and have either succeeded or failed.Measure three:I will oppugn our staff of advisers about their experiences and thoughts refering to specific jobs. I will see these replies in expli cating executable solutions.Measure four:After I have completed these stairss, I will do my concluding recommendations in a study that will be submitted to you within two hebdomads after the study is completed. The 10 hebdomads I propose should be more than adequate to fix a study and program which will increase your park visitants ‘ enjoyment.CostIn the long tally, the cost of this research will be little compared to the money it will salvage as a consequence of hapless planning and over-use. The lone costs will be my disbursals and my labour. Our company policy is to delegate one individual to a undertaking while the remainder of our associates act as advisers. We pay our outside advisers on a set footing. For this undertaking, the rates are as follows: My labour 30 hours @ $ 65.00 per hr $ 1950.00 Secretarial fees $ 100.00 Entire Cost $ 2050.00 This sum will be collectible within 10 yearss after our program has been submitted to you.Forces and QualificationsI believe that I am qualified to function you, and I know that my staff of advisers is really qualified to assist with the job. I have a Bachelor of Science in Forestry from Purdue University. I besides hold a Maestro of Science in Recreation from The Ohio State University. After passing four old ages with Parks and Landscape Design in Omaha, I have merely completed my 3rd twelvemonth with my ain house. My staff of advisers consists of other park interior decorators, my associates, university professors, and many other qualified persons.FeasibilityThe best cogent evidence I can offer of my company ‘s success is our record. We have saved many people and communities big amounts of money by our experience in design. For illustration, we were asked to confer with in be aftering the design of a Pukwana, South Dakota City Park. Upon look intoing the programs submitted we found that the cloaca system drained straight into the proposed swimming pool. If the installations had been built harmonizing to programs, the mistake would hold cost 1000s of dollars to fix ; nevertheless, a simple alteration in programs resolved the job before it became an actuality. I realize that you serve the people non merely in Canton, and Sioux Falls, but those in Southwest Minnesota, Northwest Iowa, and Northeast Nebraska every bit good. As you well cognize, trial at all South Dakota State Parkss is up about 15 % over last twelvemonth and New ton Hills has had an about 20 % addition so far this twelvemonth. This increased trial makes redesigning Newton Hills State Park really of import. I hope you will earnestly see our command and so accept it. If you have any inquiries or suggestions as to bettering our methods and processs, delight name us anytime at ( 605 ) 366-1978. Thank you. Respectfully, Sonny Sundstrom Manager SaraTen Forest Services, Inc.Notes on This ExampleLetterhead: This illustration shows that you could utilize or plan your ain letterhead. Letterhead is typically centered horizontally on the page and takes up an inch to an inch and a half of infinite at the top of the page. If you use letterhead, do certain that you use it merely for the first page. AUGUST 12, 2006: This illustration follows what is called †Block Form † in your text. Block signifier topographic points everything at the left border, with no indenture for paragraphs. Paragraphs are separated by one clean line. Block signifier is the most formal, and is excessively formal for some authors. You may, if you prefer, use â€Å" Semi-block Form, † which allows the Heading, Dateline, Complimentary Close, and Signature Block to be indented. The indenture is either set so that the longest line of these elements ends at the right border, or set by tabbing over to the centre point to get down typing each line of these indented elements. However, in both formats, paragraphs are non indented and a colon follows the salute. HANSON: In both the block and semi-block formats, ever follow the salute with a colon. The comma is used merely in informal, or personal missive formats, which are inappropriate for a missive of proposal. RECENTLY I NOTICED: This statement provides some context for subjecting the proposal. Since this proposal is unasked it needs to hold some sort of principle. In your assignment, you may mention to e-mail correspondence or telephone conversation. Turning TREMENDOUSLY: This paragraph provides some background to the reader. Notice that this background is both general ( â€Å" park supervisors find†¦ â€Å" ) and specific to the park that he manages ( â€Å"the old-timer auto show and one-year common people festival† ) . This paragraph shows the reader that the author understands some of the jobs that the reader faces. I PROPOSE THAT: Again, this proposal is unasked. That means that the author has to be really specific as to what he is suggesting to make. In this instance, the reader will have a study and an affiliated program. These paperss will work out traffic flow jobs at the park. It will non turn to other unexpressed concerns that the reader may hold. Make it clear merely what any proposal will supply. As your text points out, a proposal is a binding papers. Any vagueness can take to unpleasant fortunes. PARK DESIGN HAS BECOME: This background subdivision provides a more generic. background for the proposal. However, whereas the background paragraph above alluded to the jobs faced by the reader, this background provides some avenues toward solutions. This subdivision besides shows how the information in this subdivision win be incorporated into the overall solution and indicates the range of what the author proposes. Ten WEEKS: Built-in in any proposal is a clip agenda. Undertakings that involve several stairss may besides include a dislocation in hours. This tactic is a benefit to the reader ( to see what he ‘s paying for ) and to the author ( to coerce him to budget specific sums of clip for the assorted undertakings the involved in the undertaking ) . Since this undertaking is reasonably simple, the clip is given merely in hebdomads, and no peculiar figure of hebdomads is budgeted for any given measure. Note the concluding text for this subdivision. You should ever seek to reason each subdivision with text, and non with figures, tabular arraies, or lists. WILL Be SMALL COMPARED TO: The cost of the proposed undertaking may look high, particularly to a park director who deals with province support and limited resources. This tactic shows reader benefit, comparing short term disbursal with long term nest eggs. I AM Qualified: In proposals, particularly unasked 1s, it ‘s of import to catalog the author ‘s makings. Even when the reader and author are known to each other, it ne'er hurts to include a makings subdivision, particularly if the reader may non be the ultimate determination shaper. Including makings is more professional. PROPOSED SWIMMING POOL: This subdivision is structured deductively, traveling from a general statement ( â€Å"we have saved many people† ) to a really specific illustration of the company ‘s success. This sort of specificity is persuasive. In a longer proposal you might see including one or two more illustrations, if you have them, or indicate that you can supply the names of satisfied clients should the reader bespeak them. SERIOUSLY CONSIDER OUR Command: This concluding paragraph presents a gross revenues pitch to the reader. The unexpressed premise is that this job is non traveling to travel off and win likely merely acquire worse.. Again, in an unasked proposal this technique allows the author to stop the proposal on a positive note, demoing assurance and reader benefit.

Canadian Governor General Michalle Jean Biography

Canadian Governor General Michalle Jean Biography A well-known journalist and broadcaster in Quebec, Michaà «lle Jean emigrated from Haiti with her family at an early age. Fluent in five languages- French, English, Italian, Spanish and Haitian Creole- Jean became the first black governor general of Canada in 2005. A social activist for women and children at risk, Jean planned to use the office of governor general to help disadvantaged young people. Jean is married to filmmaker Jean-Daniel Lafond and has a young daughter. Governor General of Canada Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin chose Jean to be the governor general of Canada, and in August 2005, it was announced Queen Elizabeth II approved the choice. After Jeans appointment, some questioned her loyalty, because of reports of her and her husbands support of Quebec independence, as well as her dual French and Canadian citizenship. She repeatedly denounced reports of her separatist sentiments, as well as denounced her French citizenship. Jean was sworn into office Sept. 27, 2005 and served as the 27th governor general of Canada until Oct. 1, 2010. Birth Jean was born in Port-au-Prince, Haiti in 1957. At the age of 11 in 1968, Jean and her family fled the Papa Doc Duvalier dictatorship and settled in Montreal. Education Jean has a BA in Italian, Hispanic languages and literature from the University of Montreal. She earned her masters degree in comparative literature from the same institution. Jean also studied languages and literature at the University of Perouse, the University of Florence and the Catholic University of Milan. Early Professions Jean worked as a university lecturer while completing her masters degree. She also worked as a social activist, as well as a journalist and broadcaster. Michaà «lle Jean as Social Activist From 1979 to 1987, Jean worked with Quebec shelters for battered women and helped establish a network of emergency shelters in Quebec. She coordinated a study on women as victims in abusive relationships, which was published in 1987, and she has also worked with aid organizations for immigrant women and families. Jean also worked at Employment and Immigration Canada and at the Conseil des Communautà ©s culturelles du Quà ©bec. Background of Michaà «lle Jean in Arts and Communications Jean joined Radio-Canada in 1988. She worked as a reporter and then host on the public affairs proframs Actuel, Montrà ©al ce soir, Virages and Le Point. In 1995, she anchored Rà ©seau de lInformation Radio-Canada (RDI) programs such as Le Monde ce soir, LÉdition quà ©bà ©coise, Horizons francophones, Les Grands reportages, Le Journal RDI, and RDI là ©coute. Beginning in 1999, Jean hosted CBC Newsworlds The Passionate Eye and Rough Cuts. In 2001, Jean became an anchor for the weekend edition of Le Tà ©là ©journal, Radio-Canadas major news show. In 2003 she took over as anchor of Le Midi, the daily edition of Le Tà ©là ©journal. In 2004, she started her own show Michaà «lle, which featured in-depth interviews with experts and enthusiasts. Addtionally, Jean has participated in a number of documentary films produced by her husband Jean-Daniel Lafond including La manià ¨re nà ¨gre ou Aimà © Cà ©saire chemin faisant, Tropique Nord, Haà ¯ti dans tous nos rà ªves, and Lheure de Cuba. After the Governor General Office Jean has remained publicly active after her service as the federal representative of the Canadian monarch. She served as a special envoy of the United Nations to Haiti to work on education and poverty issues in the country, and she was also the chancellor of the University of Ottawa from 2012 to 2015. Beginning on Jan. 5, 2015, Jean began a four-year mandate as the secretary general of the International Organization of La Francophonie, which represents countries and regions where French language and culture has a significant presence.

Facts and History of North Korea

Facts and History of North Korea The Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, commonly known as North Korea, is one of the most talked-about yet least understood nations on Earth. It is a reclusive country, cut off even from its nearest neighbors by ideological differences and the paranoia of its top leadership. It developed  nuclear weapons  in 2006. Severed from the southern half of the peninsula more than six decades ago, North Korea has evolved into a strange Stalinist state. The ruling Kim family exercises control through fear and personality cults. Can the two halves of Korea ever be put back together again? Only time will tell. Capital and Major Cities Capital: Pyongyang, population 3,255,000Hamhung, population 769,000Chongjin, population 668,000Nampo, population 367,000Wonsan, population 363,000 North Koreas Government North Korea, or the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, is a highly centralized communist country under the leadership of Kim Jong-Un. His official title is Chairman of the National Defense Commission. The President of the Supreme Peoples Assembly Presidium is Kim Yong Nam. The 687-seat Supreme Peoples Assembly is the legislative branch. All members belong to the Korean Workers Party. The judicial branch consists of a Central Court, as well as provincial, county, city and military courts. All citizens are free to vote for the Korean Workers Party at the age of 17. The Population of North Korea North Korea has an estimated 24 million citizens as of the 2011 census. About 63% of North Koreans live in urban centers. Nearly all of the population is ethnically Korean, with very small minorities of ethnic Chinese and Japanese. Language The official language of North Korea is Korean. Written Korean has its own alphabet, called Hangul. Over the past several decades, the government of North Korea has attempted to purge borrowed vocabulary from the lexicon. Meanwhile, South Koreans have adopted words such as PC for personal computer, handufone for mobile phone, etc. While the northern and southern dialects are still mutually intelligible, they are diverging from one another after 60 years of separation. Religion in North Korea As a communist nation, North Korea is officially non-religious. Prior to the partition of Korea, however, Koreans in the north were Buddhist, Shamanist, Cheondogyo, Christian, and Confucianist. To what extent these belief systems persist today is difficult to judge from outside the country. North Korean Geography North Korea occupies the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. It shares a long north-western border with China, a short border with Russia, and a highly-fortified border with South Korea (the DMZ or demilitarized zone). The country covers an area of 120,538 km sq. North Korea is a mountainous land; about 80% of the country is made up of steep mountains and narrow valleys. The remainder is arable plains, but these are small in size and distributed across the country. The highest point is Baektusan, at 2,744 meters. The lowest point is sea level. The Climate of North Korea North Koreas climate is influenced both by the monsoon cycle and by continental air masses from Siberia. Thus, it was extremely cold with dry winters and hot, rainy summers. North Korea suffers from frequent droughts and massive summer flooding, as well as the occasional typhoon. Economy North Koreas GDP (PPP) for 2014 is estimated at $40 billion US. The GDP (official exchange rate) is $28 billion (2013 estimate). The per capita GDP is $1,800. Official exports include military products, minerals, clothing, wood products, vegetables, and metals. Suspected unofficial exports include missiles, narcotics, and trafficked persons. North Korea imports minerals, petroleum, machinery, food, chemicals, and plastics. History of North Korea When Japan lost World War II in 1945, it also lost Korea, annexed to the Japanese Empire in 1910. The U.N. divided administration of the peninsula between two of the victorious Allied powers. Above the 38th parallel, the USSR took control, while the US moved in to administer the southern half. The USSR fostered a pro-Soviet communist government based in Pyongyang, then withdrew in 1948. North Koreas military leader, Kim Il-sung, wanted to invade South Korea at that point and unite the country under a communist banner, but Joseph Stalin refused to support the idea. By 1950, the regional situation had changed. Chinas civil war had ended with a victory for Mao Zedongs Red Army, and Mao agreed to send military support to North Korea if it invaded the capitalist South. The Soviets gave Kim Il-sung a green light for invasion. The Korean War On June 25, 1950, North Korea launched a ferocious artillery barrage across the border into South Korea, followed hours later by some 230,000 troops. The North Koreans quickly took the southern capital at Seoul and began to push southwards. Two days after the war began, US President Truman ordered American armed forces to come to the aid of the South Korean military. The U.N. Security Council approved member-state assistance to the South over the objection of the Soviet representative; in the end, twelve more nations joined the US and South Korea in the U.N. coalition. Despite this aid to the South, the war went very well for the North at first. In fact, the communist forces captured nearly the entire peninsula within the first two months of fighting; by August, the defenders were hemmed in at the city of Busan, on the southeastern tip of South Korea. The North Korean army was not able to break through the Busan Perimeter, however, even after a solid month of battle. Slowly, the tide began to turn against the North. In September and October of 1950, South Korean and U.N. forces pushed the North Koreans all of the way back across the 38th Parallel, and north to the Chinese border. This was too much for Mao, who ordered his troops into battle on North Koreas side. After three years of bitter fighting, and some 4 million soldiers and civilians killed, the Korean War ended in a stalemate with the July 27, 1953, cease-fire agreement. The two sides have never signed a peace treaty; they remain separated by a 2.5-mile wide demilitarized zone (DMZ). The Post-War North After the war, North Koreas government focused on industrialization as it rebuilt the battle-torn country. As president, Kim Il-sung preached the idea of Juche, or self-reliance. North Korea would become strong by producing all of its own food, technology, and domestic needs, rather than importing goods from abroad. During the 1960s, North Korea was caught in the middle of the Sino-Soviet split. Although Kim Il-sung hoped to remain neutral and play the two larger powers off of one another, the Soviets concluded that he favored the Chinese. They cut off help to North Korea. During the 1970s, North Koreas economy began to fail. It has no oil reserves, and the spiking price of oil left it massively in debt. North Korea defaulted on its debt in 1980. Kim Il-sung died in 1994 and was succeeded by his son Kim Jong-il. Between 1996 and 1999, the country suffered from a famine that killed between 600,000 and 900,000 people. Today, North Korea relied on international food aid through 2009, even as it poured scarce resources into the military. The agricultural output has improved since 2009 but malnutrition and poor living conditions continue. North Korea evidently tested its first nuclear weapon on October 9, 2006. It continues to develop its nuclear arsenal and conducted tests in 2013 and 2016.   On December 17, 2011, Kim Jong-il died and was succeeded by his third son, Kim Jong-un.

The PICO Question Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The PICO Question - Coursework Example at least once a week?† Moreover, a collateral question is: â€Å"What happens if the patient is given another kind of diabetes medication and undertakes the lifestyle changes as suggested earlier?† Is his diabetes Type I or Type II to know if the correct medications are given? (Campbell & White, 2003). The intervention or indicator or the area of interest (I) will be in managing the effects of diabetes since diabetes is a chronic lifestyle disease and hence incurable and progressive. There is a need to check first if it is Type I or Type II so the proper interventions can be implemented. If the type of diabetes is now known, then the medication can be tailor-fitted to the patient in his particular case, depending on the circumstances that triggered his diabetes in the first place since there are risk factors to the onset of diabetes. The question is: â€Å"If it is Type I, then is it juvenile diabetes (affecting around 5% of the general population) as diagnosed among children and young adults† (American Diabetes Association, 2014). The key will be to adopt a twin approach to the management of this type of diabetes using hormone therapy (injectable insulin) together with the changes in diet (avoidance of sugary foods and drinks) and increased physical activities together wit h constant monitoring of possible hyperglycemia (high blood glucose) or probable low blood glucose (hypoglycemia) as an adverse reaction to the insulin hormone treatment or therapy. For the purpose of comparison and control (C) the diabetic patients are divided into their type of diabetes and then subdivided again into smaller groups based on their knowledge of diabetes (if the patients know what type of diabetes they have and what the treatments are there). While the general knowledge is that diabetes is caused by too much sugar, there is little literacy among diabetic patients on what interventions are available for them, how to avoid certain foods to prevent worsening the effects of

IRIS Module FBA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

IRIS Module FBA - Essay Example I think the function of Kira’s behavior is to bring an interruption to the teacher’s lesson. She answers during the class and makes her classmates laugh. By doing this, she aims at capturing their attention instead of the students listening to the teacher. Sensory Simulation and having a quiet time help Nigel in maintaining his behavior. He feels comfortable by being alone. We can implement an intervention that can help decrease the problem behavior once we identify the function of maintaining the behavior. This intervention did not work well with Nigel. If I were the teacher, I would stop using such kind of intervention. The graph shows increased inappropriate behavior. I would immediately stop the intervention, but if I have a modification to it, I would try it. To identify if the plan is working, the team uses intervention data analysis. This analysis also helps the team to determine whether they need to make any changes. Two factors can help me in knowing if the intervention was unsuccessful. First, the intervention was not effective because the desired behavior did not increase while the undesired behavior increased. Second, to determine success of the intervention, the team will compare the intervention data and the baseline data. The intervention is unsuccessful if the undesired behavior does not improve. The IRIS Center for Training Enhancements. (n.d.). Functional Behavioral Assessment: Identifying the Reasons for Problem Behavior and Developing a Behavior Plan. Retrieved on 8/1/10, from

Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Portfolio - Essay Example 79). Managing and Developing Self Before joining the university and undertaking bioscience courses, I was not able to manage my schedules and so I had to depend on what had already been planned by teachers. However, my life in the university enabled me to understand how to manage myself, plan my time for different activities and manage my work in a professional way to ensure optimal use of financial, academic and time resources. The professional attribute of the university has assisted me in understanding how to manage my work, follow instructions closely with minimal supervision, plan my work schedule well in advance and ensure that all tasks are completed in a responsible and professional manner. For example, when conducting biological experiments, I ensure that I have read all procedures in advance before commencing the real practical work unlike in the past when I used to conduct experiments without reading all instructions. However, although I am able to manage my schedule well, the only problem that needs a lot of effort is in categorizing issues on the basis of priority. In many instances, I have been giving priority to relatively less difficult issues, thus ignoring higher priority but difficult issues. The consequences have been dire. For example, when choosing elective courses, I have been choosing less difficult courses at the expense of highly competitive ones, which are in most cases difficult (OHLSSON & BORG, 2010, p. 67). University education has given me various opportunities for self-development through constant learning and being a critical learner. I have come to understand that learning is not only about gaining knowledge about a specified subject but also to develop critical skills that would enable one to solve problems, make use of the available opportunity to develop the society, and be a continual learner through a number of avenues such as the Internet or part-time education programs. Further, university education has changed my notion from being a job seeker into being a job creator through a number of business courses that have enhanced my entrepreneurial skills (POSTMAN, 1995, p. 68). Communication Communication is an essential aspect of professional development and human interaction. Through good communication strategies, it is possible to develop positive relationship with people in the learning institution, places of work and the society in general. One of the important aspects of communication I have learnt from Staffordshire University is the use of information and communication in getting sufficient information within a short time and passing messages promptly and efficiently. Since I joined the university, I have learnt many aspects of using the Internet to get information that would have been cumbersome to search through conventional means such as physically looking for a specific topic among a variety of hard copy journals. I can easily surf the Internet and get information within a shot time. Further , online libraries have assisted me in learning different topics in biology within a short duration of time and use the

Agora A Bangladeshi: Largest Super Store

Agora A Bangladeshi: Largest Super Store 1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: The MBA program is designed to focus on theoretical and professional development of people open to take up business as a profession as well as service as a career. The course is designed with an excellent combination of theoretical and practical aspects. This assignment provides us to link up their theoretical knowledge into practical fields. In this connection, I was assigned to AGORA Super store Ltd., department for my practical orientation. Students are required to prepare an assignment under the guidance of supervising teachers on a selected subject matter to highlighting his experience and to conduct an in depth analysis on the subject matter. I have tried my level best to present my experience of the practical orientation in this assignment. 1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE ASSIGNMENT To present an overview of Agora Super store. To appraise the Agora Super store Innovations and how store try to adjust with the Innovations. To identify problems store faces before the innovation. To suggest suggestions for the development of Store after the innovation. 1.2 METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY The scope of this assignment is limited to the overall description of the company, its services, and its position in the industry and its marketing strategies. The scope of the study is limited to organizational setup, functions, and performances. (II) PRIMARY DATA WERE COLLECTED The primary data had been collected in various ways. The different sources were: Companys Website. By the companys HR division. Observing various organizational procedures. (III) SECONDARY DATA WERE COLLECTED From prior research report from the organization From different books and periodicals related to the store. From Newspapers and Internet. 1.3 LIMITATIONS Large-scale research was not possible due to time constraints. Relevant data and document collection were difficult due to the organization confidentiality. Non-availability of data in a systematic way. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This whole report is a detailed study on a Super Store and how this store adopt with the technology, where Bangladeshi Super store called Agora has been chosen as a subject matter. However, this report only concentrates on the Bangladeshi branches. This report will be divided into a few parts and commences with an introduction. An introduction of the Store and the organization will give a brief picture of the analysis. The next part will be important work on academic literature which will help in better understanding of the whole cycle which includes triggers of Innovation, managing change, impact on organization, resistance of Innovations, how to overcome to resistance Innovation and management process. The next chapter will be on organizational analysis where all the information in academic literature will be related to the organization. There will be a thorough discussion on Technology introduced, steps taken by the management to deal with the resistance to Technology, evaluation of the Technology implemented as well as benefits and losses of the Technology. Further studies show the methods used (such as feedback forms for customers) to gather information to support the analysis in different ways. At the end of this assignment, there will be conclusions and recommendations for Agora superstore which can be done to improve the organization in respect to the current Innovation process. INTRODUCTION The technology that was selected by the concerned organization has led to innovation. Technology is the application of knowledge to the practical aims of human life or to the changing and manipulating the human environment. On the other hand, Innovation is a breakthrough approach or idea that can be completely new or idea that can be completely new or an enhancement to something that already exists, it is a refreshing perspective that will challenge many who just cannot see beyond what their own experience is telling them to think or do. (Stephen w. brian, GPE, IBM, Asia pacific, Elearn (2005, pp.2-3) refers to Innovation Management as periods of upheaval when radical action is required if the organization is to survive and prosper. As with any forms of Innovations, it is about moving from the current state to some desired future state. One of the prime change in our lifetime is the consistent and increasingly application of information managing technology. Managing technology is the continuous process which deals with technology replacing traditional private offices with the aid of technology. (Henry, J., Matle, D, 2003, p-266) Managing innovation is a step by step approach which deals with Innovation both from organization point of view and the individuals who are going to be affected by Innovation. Innovation is an important process for survival in this world. Before bringing any Innovations, it is important to know the causes of Innovations, reactions to Innovations and risks due to Innovations. The formal quantitative research process should not begin until the problem has been clearly defined. (Zikmund, 2000, p.115). The Super Store in the Bangladesh has been growing immensely year by year. Goods in Product vary from Store and area wise. However, many Stores had to be closed down due to the economic downturn that hit the world recently. There are many rules and regulation nowadays set by the government in Bangladesh to become the Superstore owner more responsible. The Largest Bangladeshi Superstore was founded by Mr. M. Hasan Ali. Agora is a Multi Super store that serves every necessary product for the people in Central city in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The first branch was opened a couple of years ago in central City Of Dhaka but now their branch is expanded the other entire metro city in Bangladesh. The main objective of the Super store is to provide high quality of products at a comparative price to the customer. The key success of the organization is that the management monitors the day to day operation which helps Agora to decide what, when and how Innovations can be introduced in order to provide better quality in all areas from time to time. Agora has crossed milestones, set records and redefined the dine-in experience ever since it started. Types of Innovation: Products and services innovation applied to products or services or market related activities. Operational- Innovation that improves the effectiveness and efficiency of core processes and functions. Business model- innovation that fundamentally. Business model- Innovation that fundamentally transforms the way a business works or drives revenue. How to be an Innovative Organization: Create a Strategic Vision. Establish innovation as a priority. Create organizational structures that promote collaboration Establish processes to convert ideas to Innovations Allocate the resources Train workforce on Creativity Tools Measure and Communicate results Recognize Creative behavior Reward Innovative results. ACADEMIC LITERATURE In Todays world to be a leader in industry you have to be innovative. Companies must be able to look forward at the strategy and know how to bring products to market faster than their competitors. Innovation is the key. Its not just for the technology, its for the business strategies as well (Handy, 1999, p.181) indeed, the way things are carried out and coordinated is essential to determine the success and failure of an organization. When organizations do not seem to be profitable, Innovations are introduced in order to have better outcomes. These Innovations might have been triggered from the outside or within the organization. Tidd et. al (2005, p.205) mentioned that external factors whether threats or opportunities have to be communicated to organizations in order to be innovative and have longevity. Customers seem to have greater effect on businesses as they are the ones who have the purchasing power. Requirements and tastes in customers selections Innovation from time to time in which organizations have to adapt to keep existing in the market. Competitors could be another factor which triggers Innovations. In Retail industry especially, customers have various selections of product and failure to follow their expectations will make the organizations lose out to other competitors. Setting up a business means it has to compete with existing competitors as well as potential competitors. Competitors are usually hungry for innovation and different strategies are used in order to be the market leader. Meanwhile, technology is another drive for Innovation that most organizations are now trying to adapt since it is the key to the new business era. Though technology tends to be obsolete very quickly, it is the fundamental factor of every business nowadays. Technology could speed up processes and work can be done more efficiently. However there are some factors to consider which makes a organization to technology oriented. The factor are given discussed bellow. Determined to new ways of operation: Its a difficult transition for the organization to replace the traditional working activities to technology concerned. So there should have some adjustments in terms of organizational cultures, the ways in which employees are working, performance measurement and rewards. Is the organization informational rather than industrial: This distinction refers to a management philosophy and style rather than to an economic sector or customer base. Here industrial context means the organizational structure and management processes are done through face-to-face incentives and employees remain specific workplaces. On the other hand informational means the activities are done through voice and communications. Open Culture and Proactive Managers: In this case the organizations have to be dynamic hierarchical, technologically advanced rather than a highly structured , command driven.. Also the managers have to be multifunctional , promoting and supporting a virtual-office initiative right from the start. Clear links between staffs, functions and time: Technology related organizations also do not depend on the specific locations or types of facilities. Here the concept of the parameters of the are important, such as whether the work executed over the phone, in person, via computer, or all of the above. How much time does the employee need to spend in direct contact with other employees , customers and business contacts? If a critical mass of corporate functions cannot work in an alternative work environment , the potential benefits may be too marginal relative to the required investment and effort. Proper tools, training, and techniques: To improve the technological oriented organization , all who are involved must be armed with a full set of tools, relevant training and appropriate, flexible administrative support.(Henry, J., Matle, D, 2003, p-268-270) Government plays an important role in bringing about Innovations as well. Different countries have different rules and regulations that companies need to abide to. Business policies are introduced by the government as to protect consumers and the country too. Nonetheless, these triggers are also accompanied by internal factors which have made organizations Innovation their ways in conducting business. Employees are the drivers of firms who will run the business. Employers have to make sure they are motivated and keep improving themselves for better productivity. When quality and standard of performance are degrading, management needs to find out the cause of it. Managing Change: Managing change refers to continuous improvements (CIPs) and creativity to improve both products and processes. The aim is precisely to design and implement a system whose natural equilibrium is constant and change. (Henry, J., Matle, D, 2003, p-230) Competitiveness and managing change: A clear demonstration pf how one understands the relationship between competition and strategic change, becomes imperative when the literature on management is considered. Any study of the nature of the nature of competition and managing strategic change is obliged therefore to do two things at the outset: first lay out the major approaches to these issues , and second make clear understanding competition and change.(Pettigrew, A., Whipp, R., 1993) Management Processes Organisations need to check from time to time if they are in line with their objectives. Once visions and objectives have been developed, management team will be able to take actions to move towards them. These can be answered by going through Innovation management. Ettlie (2006, p.97) refers to strategy making as the process of matching an organisations internal resources with environmental opportunities and risks to accomplish goals. Strategic management has three main stages; strategic analysis, strategic choice and strategic implementation (Johnson et al., 2008, p.12). Managers have to handle strategies in various situations as to meet corporate objectives. Strategic analysis could involve SWOT analysis and PEST analysis to assess the options for Innovation. (Source: Johnson el.al.) Figure 1: Strategic value Lynch (2006, p.450) describes SWOT Analysis as the analysis of the strengths and weaknesses present internally in an organisation coupled with the opportunities and threats faced by the organisation externally. Once the internal and external audits have been analysed, the next step will be strategic choice to identify the various options, evaluate them and selecting the best that fits with their desired goal. The best option will be implemented and a proper Innovation implementation needs to be planned for. According to Cook et al. (2004, p.58), managing Innovation can be described as consisting of four stages; set up, kick off, delivery and review. The stages come sequentially. Firstly, it is the set up, which entails letting people know about the Innovations that will be made and motivate them, looking out for the unexpected and assessing the state of the organisation in respect to their readiness to Innovation. Then, the kick off is the final preparation by putting everything in place which might require a project manager and good channels of communication. The delivery involves ensuring people responsible to carry out tasks. The final stage is the review by checking the feedback on how Innovation is affecting all parties involved and if it is yielding the desired results. According to Elearn (p.95), for Innovation management to be successful, management can conduct various strategies such as democratic, collaboration, participation, direction and coercion. Focus On People: Traits of an innovative Leader: Create an external focus: -define success in market items Be a clear thinker: simplify the strategy into specific actions, make decisions and communicate priorities. Have imagination and courage: takes risk on people and ideas Energize teams through inclusiveness: Connect with people, build both loyalty and commitment. Develop expertise in a function or domain: use depth as a source of confident to drive change. 3.2 Impacts of Innovations It is crucial to know how they handle failure (Coburn, 2006, p.179) Organizational Innovations are not easy to implement. Management needs to foresee outcomes of Innovations. Assessment needs to be done in order to find out whether the whole objective has been achieved and how Innovations affect the value chain of an organization. The activities within and around the organization are known as the value chain process. (Porter, 1995) (Source: http://www.learnmarketing.net/valuechain.htm) Figure 2: Value Chain of an Organization Hayes (2002, p.148) mentioned that people go through personal transition when Innovations are brought into organizations as Innovations are the beginning of something else. Reactions received from employees and customers might vary greatly. In short, everyone involved in the Innovation process is affected by the Innovations made by organizations. When one alternative is given up for another valuable alternative, it is called opportunity cost (Dibb et.al, 2006, p.395). The value of benefits offered is measured in monetary and non monetary form. Early judgment is made by management to choose the best option. Nevertheless, Innovations were never made if they were not for organizations better future. When a product or service meets customers needs, it happens to be a quality one. A quality product relates with employees good performance and improvement in reputation which will result in increased profits (Heizer and Render, 2004, p.190). These could only be achieved if management has a strategy in managing Innovations. Customers and employees feedbacks can be taken as a part of evaluation process. Whether it is beneficial or otherwise, management has to look at the bigger picture to determine the success or failure of Innovations imposed. Tidd et.al (2005, p.96) stated that a failed Innovation process could be a useful information for the next Innovation being enforced. Resistance to Innovations Human normally resist Innovations simply because they see it as a threat to their normal or familiar system of work, financial position, patterns of status and fairness of their security. Generally, the main reasons for resistance are as follows:- Economic Fears People are always concerned with any Innovations made by management because it could affect their income and their job security. But most importantly, they fear that either directly or indirectly, Innovation may affect their pay or rewards or they may undertake more responsibility for the same pay. For example, new shift system introduced by management may require employees to work extra hours without any payment adjustment. Inconvenience or Loss of Freedom According to Mullins (2002, p.823), if the Innovation is seen as a likely to prove inconvenient, make life more difficult, reduce freedom of action or result in increased control, these will be resistance people usually see Innovation, that it, would make life very difficult. Uncertainty People are not certain as to whether Innovation will be in their favor and most likely see it as having a negative impact. On promotion for instance, people may resist the uncertainty that whether such Innovation or promotion may demand more responsibility, which may affect their social life. Organizational Resistance If an organization has been adapted to their environment in which they operate, the whole value chain is already familiar to the organizations structure and policies. The organization as a whole can resist any Innovation which might affect the organization culture which the company has developed. Overcoming Resistance to Innovations Though, it is difficult to overcome resistance to Innovations, it is crucial to analyze the potential impacts on those whose jobs are affected. It is also important to involve those concerned in the Innovation process, so that they can contribute and make suggestions. This will result in reducing employees current fear. There must be a clear communication between employers and employees about Innovations implemented, either through written documents or a face-to-face communication with the workers. According to Pettinger (1996, p.502), resistance to Innovation can be lessened if: i participants see Innovations as reducing rather than increasing their workload. ii new wages of working accrued with prevailing attitudes values and beliefs. iii new ways of working are seen as benefits and not threats. ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS AGORA however has been experiencing a few Innovations throughout their business years which are caused by several different factors, internally and externally. Their major trigger of Innovations introduced was because of the poor performance of sales made by AGORA recently. This has lead to bad reputation and image of the Store amongst its customers as well as potential customers. AGORA also wants to maintain the quality of Fresh Department that they provide so that they meet customers expectations. However, maintenance costs are quite high as all ingredients and sauces are brought all the way from different area in Bangladesh to maintain its quality. Workers in AGORA seemed to be de-motivated and disinterested in doing their jobs. Complaints had been received from customers for these workers were very slow in taking orders and even to serve Customer. As most of the employee are part- time, they lack of culinary skills and experience in serving customers. There was a poor coordination between communication Skills and Customer service experience. However, the major external trigger of Innovations was the customers of AGORA. The number of international customers was growing significantly. Numerous feedbacks have been received from customers who mainly complained about the service provided by AGORAs workers. They took ages to serve the customers. The poor performance of employees has irritated many customers who then preferred to go to AGORAs competitors. The existing competition has made AGORA to introduce Innovations to cope with the market. There was a room for technological advancement as AGORA faced a problem with time. Introducing new technology could increase the Customer orders accuracy and reduce customer complaints. AGORA had wanted to create a competitive advantage from the technological aspect. There was also a pressure from government in terms of rules and regulations of having part-time workers. Since workers of AGORA are all home and mostly student, they need to abide by law enforced. School leaving have been a real concern of the business because of the tougher regulations in place. Management Processes Strategic Analysis AGORA has developed objectives, which is an essential step for the organization about where the management team wants to be in the future. AGORA wants to increase customers and employees satisfaction, have a quality and productive workforce, improve operational efficiency, maximize the use of technology as well as have a financial success. AGORA had to analyze its internal and external environment, by using PEST and SWOT analysis. They had to start their analysis from within which began with their staff. Problems were identified after an analysis has been which were mentioned earlier in the Triggers of Innovations chapter. Strategic Choices AGORA is not the only Central City in Bangladesh its expand their business all over the Bangladesh thats why many competitors are in the market. Competitors grow like Family needs and on top of all that; AGORA has to compete with other types of superstore. Thus, AGORA had to provide customers with products or services that are perceived higher value or quality than those offered by rivals. In order to increase customers satisfaction, AGORA had asked for customers feedback as to improve their performance. Since most of them were not satisfied with the service offered and the decreasing quality of the product offered, AGORA found a few options to improve their performance. They could train their staff to perform better, bring more professional Staff from other departmental Store. Technology was an idea, introduced to the organization as a part of improving performance. Since there were always miscommunications between customers and employees as well as amongst employees themselves, a new technology called Palmtop seemed to be a good investment. It is a small machine which will pass orders keyed in by customer on online and send it to the customer service department as soon as possible. This however, requires knowledge in handling this Technology. When it came to handling employees, managers of AGORA had to brainstorm on effective means of improving workers performance. Some managers from different countries were brought to the Bangladesh as to help out the management. Options such as training and development, knowledge management and salary increased were considered. AGORA wanted to recruit an IT expert who can handle all kind of IT issues and gives training regarding technology.. Since the Bangladesh government has tightened its rules in employing Student workers, AGORA had to deal with this professionally. AGORA could either train Full time employees to serve the customer and handling the other related service. The process of acquiring foreign manager seemed easy but maintenance cost would be high. The latter would be time consuming, but provide better quality. Strategic Implementation and Innovations Adopted After evaluating strategic options, the management of AGORA had decided to make Innovations in their existing operational system. Management had a meeting with employees and informed them the Innovations that were going to be adopted. Though the company is keen in cost cutting, it does not want to compromise in terms of quality. Operating costs were also cut by reducing the break time of workers which would lead to reducing of wages. Meanwhile, the Innovation leadership team had made a survey with IT firms. After conducting a cost benefit analysis, AGORA had agreed with an IT firm to acquire the new technology by buying Palmtops and printers. Staff had been trained to improve customer service and standard. A training manual has been given to each employee. Employees were also trained on how to use those Palmtops confidently. The Innovation team had decided to internally motivate the staff instead of recruiting new staff. AGORA also started to deal with the government properly by going through a complete process of acquiring full time workers for the different positions. Once AGORA had adopted the Innovations, questions of continuous progression were raised by management. Management wanted to maintain the benefit of Innovations in an equilibrium position. Monthly meetings with employees were arranged and twice a year, AGORA would conduct a big meeting with managers. Resistance to Innovations and Overcoming Them Through a thorough investigation the management found a few drawbacks faced by AGORA. Product of AGORA opposed the idea of other store because now AGORA is trying to produce their own product as of their own brand name which will be the different than the other competitors in the market. Existing employee felt unsecured about their job since the introduction of new technology. They thought management would reduce the number of workers because of the Palmtop acquirement. Meanwhile, some others were afraid of being replaced for not knowing how to handle the machine. Management made a crucial move by giving adequate training in technology to all staff and delivery was monitored for every customer. The challenging part of the Innovation was to train the part-timers. They did not think it as beneficial to them since the training did not ensure an increase in salary and they did not plan to stay longer in the field. AGORA managers then decided to give certificates for the training program and it actually attracted more students to join the organization. BENEFITS TO THE ORGANIZATIONS There were a few opportunity costs involved as AGORA was trying to cut down the maintenance and operating costs. Nonetheless, this is to provide higher profits for AGORA in the future. It is evident that sales curve has been moving upwards since these Innovations were adopted. Financial performance has shown an increase for both branches of AGORA. Although there were negative feedbacks from employees, their standard in serving customers were also improving by miles. The length of time from ordering to serving foods was cut by half of time because of the new technology employed. Employees were seen more serious and motivated in doing their work too. Since customers are the greatest assets of AGORA, they are the ones who get the most benefits. They receive better service, higher quality of food, and unforgettable experience from AGORA. Despite the lower operating costs, quality of food seems to be improving. Customers believe that AGORA has really improved its operation. AGORA now has more customers than it did months ago. Financially, AGORA has becoming more profitable and an enjoyable place to eat at. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS It is no secret that AGORA has seen great improvement after Innovations have been introduced. It has been a long process since the realization for Innovation occurred until now, when some of the Innovations have been implemented. Today some of the Innovations have been adopted, and the problems and struggles seen when Technology was brought about have been perceived. Evidently, AGORA has experienced major benefits from Technology that was implemented. It has been noticed by management and staff at AGORA that Technology is necessary, and even though it presents difficulties, and involves people to get out of the comfort zone, in the end if managed appropriately, Innovation brings positive outcomes. Nevertheless, Innovation should be an ongoing process in any organization, and it should be like that for AGORA as well. Even when some of the Innovations are fully implemented and adopted, management of the organization needs to remain focused on constantly finding new triggers for Innovation so that the organization remains in constant evolution. Therefore, below are recommendations made for AGORA: A timeline should be set until all identified Innovations are adopted. It is important to realize that not all the Innovations have the same priority, and not all of the Innovations need to be implemented at the same time. The timeline should be broad and well planned and Innovations are prioritized. A very thorough cost analysis should be done on new Innovations that are to be implemented. AGORA should be very careful not to have higher opportunity costs than the benefits that any Innovation may bring. Whenever there are options, the potential benefits of an option should be quantified, and then compared against the implementation costs. If the implementation costs are higher than the benefits, such option should not be considered. AGORA should take advantage of the Bangladeshi fair trade as for the ingredients needed. This would stem the tide of AGORAs spending and reduce operational costs. AGORA should also start a deliberate policy of training and re-training their human resource personnel. AGORA should motivate their staff through better remuneration and emoluments; this is to make them give their best to AGORA. The use of technology should be perfected to help the operation of AGORA from the waiters to the chefs in the kitchen. There should be a synergy between them. Finally, communication needs to remain an important trigger for Innovation. It is at the center of evolution in any organization, as this is what helps identify areas of weakness or areas where Innovations may be implemented. In addition,